Genicular Artery Embolization for Knee Pain

About Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE)

Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is a cutting-edge, minimally invasive procedure developed to provide relief from knee pain caused by osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that causes the protective cartilage on the ends of bones to wear down, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. As the condition progresses, the lining of the knee joint (known as the synovium) can become inflamed, contributing significantly to the discomfort many patients experience.

GAE works by targeting the arteries that supply blood to this inflamed synovium, called the geniculate arteries. During the procedure, an interventional radiologist makes a small incision in the upper thigh and inserts a thin catheter, which is carefully guided to the geniculate arteries using advanced imaging techniques such as X-rays. Once the catheter is in position, tiny particles are injected into these arteries, reducing the blood flow to the synovium. This reduction in blood flow helps decrease the inflammation that causes knee pain, offering both immediate and long-term relief from symptoms.

GAE is performed as an outpatient procedure with moderate sedation, often referred to as ‘twilight sedation.’ This allows the patient to remain comfortable and relaxed without the need for general anesthesia. The procedure usually takes between one to two hours, and most patients can go home the same day. Unlike more invasive surgical options, such as knee replacement surgery, GAE offers a quicker recovery time and minimal disruption to daily activities. Many patients report significant improvements in pain levels within the first two weeks following the procedure, allowing them to return to normal activities much sooner than with traditional surgical treatments.

While GAE does not reverse the underlying cartilage damage caused by osteoarthritis, it effectively manages pain and inflammation in patients who are not yet candidates for knee replacement or who prefer a less invasive alternative. Research has shown promising results, with patients experiencing significant reductions in pain scores and improved quality of life. Genicular artery embolization offers hope for those seeking a non-surgical solution to manage their knee pain and maintain an active lifestyle.